Linux Distros Guide for Hackers & Beginners

Linux is an open-source operating system kernel created by Linus Torvalds in 1991.

• Kernel: The core that controls hardware, manages memory, processes, and files.
• Linux Distributions (Distros): Operating systems built around Linux, such as Ubuntu, Debian, or Kali Linux.

Linux is widely used for:

• Servers - Powers the internet and cloud services.
• Cybersecurity & Ethical Hacking - Popular for penetration testing and security research.
• Programming - Developers love Linux for scripting, coding, and open-source tools.
• Desktop Use - Customizable environments for everyday tasks.

Why people love Linux: It’s free, secure, customizable, and backed by a huge global community.

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Why Debian is Popular? ​

Debian is often called the “mother of many distros”. Here’s why:

• Stability - Extremely reliable and rarely crashes, making it ideal for servers and critical systems.
• Customizability - Developers can build their own distros, such as Ubuntu, Kali, or Mint.
• Community Support - Large global community and long-term updates.
• Massive Software Repository - Thousands of pre-tested software packages ready to install.

Debian forms the stable root of many Linux systems and is perfect for both servers and ethical hacking setups.

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Why There Are Different Linux Distros? ​

Each Linux distro is built for a specific purpose, user type, or workflow. Here are the most popular ones:

Ubuntu ​

• Beginner-friendly and user-oriented.
• Easy to install and use with strong community support.
• Ideal for desktop users switching from Windows.

Linux Mint ​

• Focused on Windows switchers.
• Lightweight, simple interface, and smooth desktop experience.

MX Linux ​

• Lightweight and fast.
• Perfect for older PCs with limited resources.

Deepin ​

• Beautiful, modern UI design.
• Great for everyday desktop use and productivity.

Zorin OS ​

• Simple interface that resembles Windows.
• Good alternative for users transitioning from Microsoft systems.

Kali Linux ​

• Specially built for ethical hacking and penetration testing.
• Pre-installed tools like Metasploit, Wireshark, Nmap.
• Updated and supported by Offensive Security, a leading cybersecurity company.
• Based on Debian, inheriting stability while adding a hacker’s toolbox.

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Which Linux is Best for Ethical Hackers? ​

If your goal is ethical hacking, cybersecurity, or penetration testing, Kali Linux is the top choice.

Why Kali Linux?

• Comes with pre-installed ethical hacking tools.
• Supports learning and testing real-world cybersecurity scenarios.
• Based on Debian → combines stability and security.
• Supported by Offensive Security, ensuring frequent updates.

Think of it this way:

• Debian → Strong root of the tree
• Ubuntu → Popular branch for general users
• Kali Linux → The weapon for ethical hackers

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Beginner Tips for Choosing a Linux Distro ​

1. If you’re new to Linux: Start with Ubuntu or Linux Mint.
2. If you have an older PC: Try MX Linux for better performance.
3. If you want a beautiful desktop: Deepin or Zorin OS.
4. If you want to learn ethical hacking: Kali Linux is your best choice.

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Real-Life Use Cases ​

• Cybersecurity Students: Use Kali Linux to practice penetration testing in labs.
• Developers: Use Ubuntu for coding, compiling, and running servers.
• Home Users: Linux Mint or Zorin OS for browsing, media, and productivity.
• IT Professionals: Debian servers for reliability and enterprise deployment.

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Advantages of Linux for Ethical Hacking & Cybersecurity ​

• Free & Open Source: No license fees, fully customizable.
• Secure: Built-in firewalls, user permissions, and active community monitoring.
• Flexible: Customize tools, scripts, and desktop environments.
• Educational: Great for learning programming, networking, and cybersecurity.

Summary ​

• Linux: Core kernel for multiple operating systems.
• Debian: Stable, customizable, and the base of many distros.
• Ubuntu & Mint: Beginner-friendly and daily-use distros.
• Kali Linux: Specialized for ethical hacking, comes with pre-installed security tools.
• Choosing the right distro depends on your goals: learning, hacking, programming, or daily use.

With Linux, you have the freedom, power, and security to explore computing like never before.